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Poverty in Pakistan has fallen dramatically, independent bodies supported estimates of a considerable fall in the statistic by the 2007-08 fiscal year, when it was estimated that 17.2% of the total population lived below the poverty line. The declining trend in poverty as seen in the country during the 1970s and 1980s was reversed in the 1990s by poor federal policies and rampant corruption.〔("Poverty in Pakistan: Issues, Causes, and Institutional Responses" ), ''Asian Development Bank'' (accessed: 2008-05-04)〕 This phenomenon has been referred to as the "poverty bomb".〔(Pakistan: Now the Poverty Bomb goes off, M, Ziauddin, Third World Network )〕 In 2001, the government was assisted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in preparing the ''Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper'' that suggests guidelines to reduce poverty in the country.〔("Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper" ) (accessed: 2008-05-04)〕 Pakistan fares better than Bangladesh on most poverty markers such as the UN MPI index and its poverty rate is below those nations. As of 2009, Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.572, higher than that of nearby Bangladesh's 0.543, which was formerly a part of the country itself. Pakistan's HDI still stands lower than that of neighbouring India's at 0.612.〔United Nations Development Programme, (Statistics of the Human Development Report ), ''Human Development Reports''〕 According to the HDI, 60.3% of Pakistan's population lives on under $2 a day, compared to 79% in nearby India and 81.3% in nearby Bangladesh,the lowest rate in South Asia after Sri Lanka and some 28.6% live under $1 a day, compared to 24.9% in India and 49.6% in Bangladesh Wealth distribution in Pakistan is highly uneven, with the top 10% of the population earning 27.6% and the bottom 10% earning only 4.1% of the income〔(nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Pakistan-POVERTY-AND-WEALTH.html )〕 According to the United Nations Human Development Report, Pakistan's human development indicators, especially those for women, fall significantly below those of countries with comparable levels of per-capita income. Pakistan also has a higher infant mortality rate (88 per 1000) than the South Asian average (83 per 1000).〔(UN Human Development Report ), (Chapter 2 )〕 ==Spatial distribution of poverty== At the time of the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Pakistan inherited the most backward parts of South Asia with only one university, one Textile Mill and one Jute Factory. The country has made tremendous progress and its per Capita GNP remains the highest in South Asia. During the last decade poverty elimination programs helped many of the poor to participate and rise up. However the Global financial crisis and other factors like the occupation of Afghanistan have impacted Pakistani growth. Poverty in Pakistan has historically been higher in rural areas and lower in the cities. Out of the total 40 million living below the poverty line, 30 million live in rural areas. Poverty rose sharply in the rural areas in the 1990s 〔ADB report pg 11〕 and the gap in income between urban and rural areas of the country became more significant. This trend has been attributed to a disproportionate impact of economic events in the rural and urban areas. Punjab also has significant gradients in poverty among the different regions of the province.〔 The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan was one of the most backward regions of the South Asia. Despite this, tremendous progress has been made in many areas. The NWFP now boasts several universities including the Ghulam Ishaq Khan University of Science and Technology.Peshawar a sleep cantonment during British towns is a modern cosmopolitan city. Much more can be done to invest in the social and economic structures. NWFP remains steeped in tribal culture, though the biggest Pahan city is Soviet invasion of neighboring Afghanistan is intact and according to Western reports supported the Taliban regime. These and other activities have led to a breakdown of law and order in many parts of the region.〔(Pakistan is active in the Fight Against Fundamentalism ''buzzle.com'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Poverty in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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